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What Is EMF?
An EMF consists of two interrelated components: an AC electric field and an AC magnetic field. These two components oscillate at the same frequency but are oriented at right angles to each other and to the direction of the field's propagation. Since the field is alternating current by definition, it doesn't remain static—it continuously switches polarity, cycling between positive and negative values in a sinusoidal or wave-like pattern. This dynamic nature is what enables EMFs to carry energy, such as in the case of radio waves, microwaves, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
EMFs exist across a wide range of frequencies, forming what is known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Low-frequency EMFs include those produced by household electrical wiring and power lines, while higher-frequency EMFs are associated with wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and mobile networks. At the far end of the spectrum are high-frequency EMFs such as X-rays and gamma rays, which carry significantly more energy and can penetrate matter more deeply.
While EMFs are essential for many modern applications, there is ongoing research into their potential biological effects, particularly with long-term exposure to low-frequency, non-ionizing radiation. Regulatory bodies and health organizations continue to monitor and set exposure guidelines to ensure public safety.
What Are AC Electric Fields?
AC Electric Fields (E-Fields) are produced by the presence of electricity. Their strength is determined by voltage; the higher the voltage, the stronger the field. AC Electric Fields are generated by live electrical wires and generally travel 6-8 feet from the source, but in some cases further. An electric field will exist even when a device is not in use (turned off). In other words, these sources produce a continual emission. AC Electric Fields have a natural attraction to ground and the human body. They are considered low frequency electromagnetic radiation. (5 Hz – 400,000 Hz). They can be measured with an AC Electric Field meter and the unit of measurement is Volt per meter V/m.
Examples Of AC Electric Field Sources:
- Wall wiring
- Wall outlets
- Power bars/strips
- Appliances
- Electrical Panels
- Overhead Power Lines
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What Are AC Magnetic Fields?
Living spaces contain dozens of electronic devices and electrical appliances. When this equipment is active or turned on, a flow of electrical current begins. This flow of electricity through the equipment and wiring is responsible for creating AC Magnetic Fields (B-Fields). The intensity or strength of the magnetic field is directly related to the power consumption of the device. A more powerful device will produce a higher magnetic field. These fields usually remain close to their source (2-3 feet), but can travel several hundred feet; an example is in the case of high voltage power lines. AC Magnetic Fields are considered low frequency electromagnetic radiation. (5 Hz – 400,000 Hz). They can be measured with a tesla meter in nanoTesla (nT) or with a gauss meter in milliGauss mG. Note: An AC Magnetic Field is typically what people refer to as EMF but this is an inaccurate statement.
Examples Of AC Magnetic Field Sources:
- Electrical Panels
- Overhead Power Lines
- Appliances (typically the motor)
- Wiring errors in wall wiring